What is Autism?

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What is Autism?

April 3, 2025 | Eleonora Sadikova, Ph.D. | 5 min. read

What is Autism? | Autism Awareness Month | Orchard Mental Health Group

April is Autism Acceptance Month, a time to celebrate, uplift, and advocate for autistic individuals. Rather than focusing on “awareness” alone, the goal is to promote acceptance, understanding, and meaningful inclusion. This month encourages us to challenge stereotypes, support autistic voices, and create a world where all neurotypes are respected and accommodated.

What is Autism?

Autism is a naturally occurring variation in how brains process information, communicate, and experience the world. It is not a disorder to be “fixed” but rather a neurotype—one of many ways human minds work. As we deepen our understanding of autism, it is essential to separate outdated myths from the reality of neurodivergence and approach it with respect, acceptance, and accurate information.

What Autism Is

  • A Neurodevelopmental Difference – Autism is a brain-based difference that influences how a person perceives, interacts with, and responds to their environment. It is not a disease or a behavioral problem but a valid and meaningful way of experiencing the world.
  • Diverse and Unique – The phrase “if you’ve met one autistic person, you’ve met one autistic person” holds true. Autism presents in endless variations, with each individual having their own strengths, challenges, and preferences.
  • Lifelong – Autism is not something that “goes away” with age or therapy. Autistic individuals grow and change like everyone else, but they remain autistic throughout their lives.
  • A Different Way of Communicating and Socializing – Autistic people may communicate differently, whether through speech, nonverbal methods, scripting, or other forms of expression. Social norms and expectations may feel unnatural or unnecessary, but this does not mean autistic people are uninterested in connection—it simply means they engage with others in their own ways.
  • A Valid and Valuable Identity – Many autistic people see their neurotype as an integral part of who they are, not as something separate from their identity. Autism is not a collection of deficits; it is a different way of being in the world, often accompanied by deep passions, unique insights, and creative problem-solving skills.

What Autism Isn’t

  • A Tragedy or a Burden – Autism is not a catastrophe that befalls a family. While autistic individuals may experience challenges—often due to inaccessible environments or a lack of understanding—the idea that autism itself is inherently tragic is outdated and harmful.
  • A One-Size-Fits-All Condition – There is no single “look” of autism. Stereotypes, such as assuming all autistic people are either nonverbal or savants, erase the vast diversity within the autistic community. Many autistic individuals experience a mix of strengths and challenges that shift over time.
  • Caused by Vaccines or Parenting Style – Science has repeatedly debunked the myth that vaccines cause autism. Autism is primarily genetic and is not the result of poor parenting, trauma, or environmental factors.
  • Only a Childhood Condition – Autism does not disappear in adulthood, though many autistic people learn to mask (hide) their traits to navigate a world built for neurotypicals. Many adults, particularly those socialized as girls or those from marginalized communities, may not be diagnosed until later in life.
  • Defined Solely by Deficits – Traditional medical models have often framed autism in terms of impairments, but this perspective ignores the richness of the autistic experience. Autistic people bring deep focus, unique problem-solving skills, and innovative thinking to many aspects of life.

Moving Toward Neurodiversity-Affirming Perspectives

Autism is not something to be “cured” but rather understood and accommodated. A neurodiversity-affirming approach acknowledges that autistic individuals have valid needs, perspectives, and ways of engaging with the world. Instead of focusing on changing autistic people to fit into neurotypical norms, we should work toward making society more inclusive, accessible, and accepting of all neurotypes.

By embracing autism as a natural part of human diversity, we can foster a world where autistic individuals are supported, respected, and empowered to thrive as their authentic selves.

In the next post, we will describe what an autism evaluation may look like, as well as explain why an individual may seek one for themselves or their child.

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A 30-Day Mental Health Challenge: Small Steps, Big Impact

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A 30-Day Mental Health Challenge: Small Steps, Big Impact

March 22, 2025 | Lysa Kirby, LCPC | 5 min. read

Forming a mindset geared toward emotional wellness is not a trivial task. However, with small steps it is tangible to foster positive changes in your overall mental health. Having a thirty-day mental health challenge is an approach to form structure, prioritize self-care, build emotional resilience and promote emotional wellness. Below are manageable activities that encourage mindfulness, self-care and accountability for your mental health. 

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Activity Options for a Mental Health Challenge

Day 1: Gratitude Journal – document 3-5 things that you are grateful for. This activity redirects your focus toward positivity. The journal entry may take the form of a list, paragraph, and/or drawings of what you are grateful for. 

Day 5: 10-Minute Walk – Immerse yourself with nature. Venturing outdoors has proven benefits for your mental health. Nature and sunlight boast endorphins and reduce the body’s stress hormone. 

Day 10: Digital Detox – Refrain from your electronics. This activity may be difficult to complete, but it produces a huge reward. It is proven that taking a time out from your screens allows the mind to relax, which decreases racing thoughts, slows breathing and decreases the heart rate. Spending an evening without your screen provides time to reset your mental energy.

Day 15: Reach Out – Connect with a friend or family member. Support network interaction is a vital component of emotional wellness. It will not only strengthen the foundation of your support system, but it may brighten someone’s day to hear from you. 

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Day 20: Creative Break – Set aside time to embrace creativity. Take 45 minutes to color, draw, or paint. These activities will not only relax the body, but acts as a grounding exercise, thus lending a hand to regulating your emotions. 

Day 25: Affirmation Practice – positive self-talk is a simple way to build confidence, provide encouragement and foster resiliency. Repeating a phrase such as “I trust myself and my decisions” or “I deserve love and respect” helps to develop self-compassion.

Day 30: Reflect – Reflect on the month and make notes of what was most beneficial and what worked well for your overall mental health. Set aside time to engage in a thirtyday mental health challenge periodically throughout the year, it is worth it!

This challenge creates activities that keep your emotional wellness at the forefront of your mind, which often takes a backseat in our hectic lives. 

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Motivational Interviewing for Teens: Encouraging Positive Behavioral Change

Home » Blog » Motivational Interviewing for Teens: Encouraging Positive Behavioral Change

Motivational Interviewing for Teens: Encouraging Positive Behavioral Change

December 10, 2024 | 10 min. read

Motivational interviewing for teens

Motivational interviewing for teens is an evidence-based approach that helps adolescents overcome resistance to change and fosters healthier behaviors. Adolescence is a time of exploration, independence, and often ambivalence, making it crucial to have effective tools that can help teens make positive choices in their lives. At Orchard Mental Health, we believe that motivational interviewing is a key approach for addressing the challenges teens face in managing their emotions, habits, and decision-making. In this blog, we will explore the benefits of motivational interviewing, recent research supporting its efficacy, and how it can help adolescents achieve meaningful change.

Understanding Motivational Interviewing for Teens

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a therapeutic technique designed to elicit and strengthen a person’s motivation for change. Originally developed in the 1980s, MI is now widely used in various contexts, including substance abuse treatment, mental health services, and school counseling. For teenagers, MI is particularly effective because it respects their need for autonomy while gently encouraging them to explore their ambivalence and find internal motivations for change.

Teens often face a mix of pressures—academic, social, familial—that can make them resistant to external guidance. Motivational interviewing for teens works by focusing on empathy, collaboration, and supporting their autonomy. It is not about dictating what changes need to be made but rather helping adolescents uncover their own reasons for wanting to change. By involving teens in the process and empowering them to make their own decisions, MI helps build their confidence and encourages long-term behavioral change.

Motivational interviewing is based on four key principles: expressing empathy, developing discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy. Expressing empathy helps build rapport and trust, while developing discrepancy allows teens to see the gap between their current behaviors and their goals. Rolling with resistance means avoiding confrontation and instead working collaboratively to overcome obstacles. Supporting self-efficacy means fostering the belief that change is possible, which is especially important for teenagers who may feel powerless in the face of their challenges.

How Motivational Interviewing Helps Adolescents

Teenagers are at a developmental stage where they are more likely to resist authority figures. The more they feel pushed, the more resistant they become. MI acknowledges this dynamic and uses open-ended questions, reflective listening, and affirmation to help teens identify the benefits of making healthier choices. Rather than trying to coerce change, MI helps teens resolve ambivalence and commit to positive behaviors on their own terms.

A 2024 study published in the Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies found that motivational interviewing explains 63.9% of the variance in academic procrastination reduction and 30.1% in social anxiety reduction among students. These findings show that MI is a powerful tool for helping teens address common challenges like academic struggles and social stress. By focusing on internal motivations, teens are more likely to take ownership of their goals, making the outcomes of MI more sustainable.

Motivational interviewing helps adolescents feel understood and validated, which is often the first step toward meaningful change. By creating a non-judgmental and supportive environment, MI enables teens to explore their feelings and thoughts openly. This process allows them to identify their own reasons for wanting to make changes, whether it’s improving their academic performance, reducing anxiety, or making healthier lifestyle choices. When teens feel that their voice is heard and that they are in control of their own decisions, they are more likely to engage in the therapeutic process and take actionable steps toward positive change.

Research-Backed Benefits of Motivational Interviewing for Teens

The effectiveness of motivational interviewing has been well-documented across a variety of adolescent behavioral issues, from substance abuse to anxiety and social behaviors. Below, we present a summary of recent findings supporting the use of MI with teenagers:

  • Group-Based MI for Substance Use Prevention: A 2024 study published in Frontiers in Public Health highlighted the success of group-based MI sessions in reducing hazardous drinking among teens aged 15-18 in school settings. Teens participated in two 1-hour sessions that focused on discussing their ambivalence about drinking. Results indicated a significant reduction in hazardous drinking behaviors, demonstrating that even short, targeted MI interventions can have a lasting impact. The group setting also provided an opportunity for peer support, which further reinforced the positive behavioral changes.
  • Reduction of Peer Bullying and Cyberbullying: A 2024 study published on PubMed found that MI techniques effectively reduce peer bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among adolescents. The collaborative nature of MI helps teens develop empathy and see the impact of their actions on others, making it an effective tool for reducing negative social behaviors. By fostering a sense of responsibility and helping teens understand the consequences of their actions, MI can play a crucial role in creating safer and more supportive school environments.
  • CHOICE Program for Substance Use Prevention: The California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (CEBC) evaluated the CHOICE program, which uses motivational interviewing in a five-session format to prevent substance use in adolescents aged 11-14. Results have shown promising outcomes, with participants reporting a significant decrease in their likelihood of initiating substance use. This finding is particularly important for early intervention, as preventing substance use during early adolescence can lead to better long-term outcomes. The structured format of the CHOICE program allows for consistent follow-up, which helps reinforce the lessons learned during the MI sessions.
  • Positive Effect in School Settings: A 2024 meta-analysis published in ScienceDirect found that MI interventions in school settings have a significant positive effect (g = 0.18) on promoting positive behavioral changes among students. School is a major setting where teens encounter many challenges, and using MI in schools can help students better manage stress, make healthier choices, and improve academic outcomes. Integrating MI into school counseling programs allows educators to address issues like truancy, low academic motivation, and behavioral problems in a supportive and non-punitive manner.

Orchard Mental Health’s Approach to Motivational Interviewing for Teens

At Orchard Mental Health, our approach to adolescent therapy includes motivational interviewing as a core tool for helping teens navigate their ambivalence about change. Our licensed professionals create a safe and empathetic space where teens can explore their thoughts and feelings without judgment. By focusing on what is important to the teen, we help them build the confidence and motivation they need to make meaningful changes.

We use MI to help adolescents address a variety of concerns, including:

  • Academic Stress: Many teens experience stress related to school performance, which can lead to avoidance and procrastination. Through MI, we help them recognize their own reasons for wanting to succeed academically and develop healthier study habits. By setting realistic goals and providing encouragement, we help teens take actionable steps to reduce stress and improve their academic performance.
  • Substance Use: Teens often experiment with substances as a way of coping or fitting in. MI helps them explore their motivations and understand the potential consequences of substance use, leading to healthier decisions. By focusing on their personal values and goals, teens are more likely to make choices that align with their long-term well-being. We also provide them with tools and strategies to resist peer pressure and find healthier ways to cope with stress.
  • Anxiety and Depression: MI is also effective in helping teens manage symptoms of anxiety and depression by focusing on their personal values and goals, allowing them to see how positive changes can lead to improved mental health. By helping teens articulate what matters most to them—such as relationships, hobbies, or future aspirations—we empower them to take steps toward a more fulfilling life. We also incorporate relaxation techniques and coping strategies to help teens manage their symptoms in the moment.

Our Adolescent Psychotherapy Services are designed to provide a supportive environment for teens to discuss their challenges, set goals, and make progress. Learn more about our services here: Adolescent Psychotherapy.

How Motivational Interviewing Fits Into the Bigger Picture

Motivational interviewing is not a one-size-fits-all solution but rather an integral part of a broader therapeutic approach. For many teens, MI is used alongside other evidence-based therapies like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT). These approaches complement each other well—while MI helps teens identify and commit to making changes, CBT and DBT provide the skills needed to implement and sustain those changes.

CBT focuses on identifying and challenging unhelpful thought patterns, while DBT provides skills for emotional regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal effectiveness. By combining MI with these therapies, we can address both the motivational and practical aspects of change. For example, a teen may use MI to identify their desire to improve relationships with family members, and then use DBT skills to learn how to manage their emotions during difficult conversations. This comprehensive approach helps ensure that teens have both the motivation and the tools they need to succeed.

The flexibility of motivational interviewing makes it an effective tool for addressing a wide range of issues that adolescents face today. Whether it’s reducing risky behaviors, improving mental health, or enhancing academic performance, MI is a valuable method for helping teens unlock their own potential for growth and transformation. By focusing on each teen’s unique strengths and values, MI helps them build a foundation for long-term success and well-being.

Encouraging Positive Change Together

Motivational interviewing for teens is a powerful, evidence-based approach that helps adolescents explore their own motivations for change and overcome resistance. At Orchard Mental Health, we are committed to using MI as a key part of our adolescent services, empowering teens to take control of their mental health and make meaningful, positive changes in their lives. By fostering a supportive and empathetic environment, we help teens build the confidence they need to face challenges and achieve their goals.

If you are interested in learning more about how our services can help your teen, please visit our Adolescent Psychotherapy page or schedule a consultation today: Schedule a Consultation.

Citations

  • Journal of Adolescent and Youth Psychological Studies: Motivational interviewing explains 63.9% of variance in academic procrastination reduction and 30.1% in social anxiety reduction. (source)
  • Frontiers in Public Health: Group-based MI sessions showed positive outcomes for reducing hazardous drinking among teens aged 15-18 in school settings. (source)
  • PubMed: MI techniques effectively reduce peer bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among adolescents. (source)
  • CEBC: CHOICE program using MI shows promising results for substance use prevention in ages 11-14. (source)
  • ScienceDirect: Meta-analysis shows significant positive effect (g = 0.18) for MI interventions in school settings. (source)

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Effects of Childhood Neglect on Adults

Home » Blog » Effects of Childhood Emotional Neglect on Adults

Effects of Childhood Emotional Neglect on Adults

December 4, 2024 | Lysa Kirby, LCPC | 3 min. read

Effects of Childhood Emotional Neglect on Adults

Childhood is a formative time when emotional experiences shape how we understand the world,  relationships, and ourselves. While much attention is given to overt forms of abuse, childhood  emotional neglect (CEN) can be equally damaging. Unlike physical or emotional abuse,  emotional neglect is often invisible and difficult to identify because it involves the absence of  necessary emotional nurturing and validation rather than the presence of harmful actions. 

Adults who experienced emotional neglect as children may struggle with unresolved emotional  issues, even if they don’t fully understand where those feelings come from. This blog will  explore the impact of childhood emotional neglect on adults, how to recognize the signs, and  steps toward healing and recovery. 

What Is Childhood Emotional Neglect (CEN)? 

Neglect during childhood refers to the omission of adequate emotional care during the child’s developmental years. These years are impressionable and lay the foundation for all emotional  growth to follow. This emotional neglect during childhood can have an adverse impact on the  adult in the following ways: 

  1. Struggle to express emotions: difficulty emotionally connecting to others and/or expressing emotions to others. 
  2. Self-Worth: struggles with confidence and often feels incapable. Despite high achievements, the individual often feels unworthy. 
  3. Fear of Intimacy: leads to avoidant attachment style, fear of and staying away from forming intimate relationships, thus isolating self. 
  4. Boundary Issues: difficulty saying no to others; often longs to please others and  ignores their own wants and needs. 
  5. Distrustful of Others: struggle to rely on others because they fear that their needs will again be overlooked.

Signs of Childhood Emotional Neglect in an Adult 

  • Emotionally numb 
  • Difficulty identifying emotions.  
  • Refrain from relying on others due to fear of disappointment. 
  • Poor self-worth 
  •  Struggle establishing boundaries and place other’s needs before your own
  • Struggle to form intimate relationships 

Healing from Childhood Emotional Neglect 

  1. Validate your Feelings: acknowledging your emotional needs is an essential component within the healing process. This step is vital because it lends itself to the belief that is often manifested, that your feelings are irrelevant.  
  2. Emotional Awareness: emotional neglect often leads to stunted emotional growth, therefore,  making a habit of identifying your feelings can help to mature in this area. Make it routine to  check-in with your emotions and journaling and seeking therapy can be a great approach for  emotional awareness. 
  3. Prioritize Self-Care: those who aim to please others and avoid their own wants and needs  would benefit from prioritizing self-care. 
  4. Seek Therapy: professional therapy can be an asset to individuals that endured emotional neglect during childhood. It can help to explore and process from your trauma.  
  5. Build Trust: begin to form relationships with others. Building emotional intimacy takes  patience, but slowly working toward this goal will ease you into fulfilling relationships.

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The Benefits of Single-Session Therapy for Adults

Home » Blog » The Benefits of Single-Session Therapy for Adults

The Benefits of Single-Session Therapy for Adults

December 3, 2024 | 7 min. read

Adult single-session therapy

Mental health challenges can often feel overwhelming, and many adults find themselves needing timely support to navigate these difficult moments. Adult single-session therapy (Adult SST) has emerged as an effective solution for addressing immediate mental health concerns, offering individuals a structured way to alleviate distress in a single, focused encounter. In this blog, we will delve into the benefits of single-session therapy, explore recent research and statistics, and illustrate how this approach can be effective for adults seeking prompt mental health support.

Understanding Adult Single-Session Therapy

Adult single-session therapy is a type of therapeutic intervention designed to offer relief and clarity in just one meeting. For many, the concept of therapy implies long-term weekly sessions, but adult single-session therapy (SST) challenges this traditional model by offering an impactful, immediate form of support that meets the needs of many adults. This innovative approach is particularly useful for those who are seeking a timely resolution, may not have the capacity for long-term commitment, or wish to try therapy without an extended obligation.

According to research, approximately 30% of patients deliberately choose single-session therapy, with 78% reporting improvement after just one session. These promising outcomes demonstrate that, for many individuals, a single conversation can be enough to address pressing concerns, helping them gain clarity and a renewed sense of control over their situation.

Addressing the Mental Health Gap

A significant gap remains in the availability of mental health services for those in need. Up to 50% of adults with mental health treatment needs go without care each year, which emphasizes the need for more accessible and flexible interventions. Adult single-session therapy (SST) offers a viable solution to bridge this gap, making it easier for individuals to access professional help quickly and efficiently.

At Orchard Mental Health, we recognize the importance of providing timely, effective care. SST offers an opportunity to meet people where they are, offering relief and guidance when they need it the most. With a team of over 60 licensed professionals, we provide comprehensive psychological services tailored to adults seeking quick, focused support.

Benefits of Adult Single-Session Therapy for Adults

  1. Rapid Relief for Immediate Needs: The primary benefit of adult single-session therapy (SST) is that it provides rapid access to support. During challenging times, timely intervention can significantly impact the outcome. For many adults, SST  serves as a helpful tool—helping them process overwhelming emotions, identify immediate coping strategies, and regain a sense of calm.
  2. A Practical Approach to Therapy: Unlike traditional therapy models that require ongoing sessions, SST is designed to be practical and solution-focused. It helps adults who may not have the time or financial resources to engage in long-term therapy but still need professional guidance. SST is an effective way to address urgent concerns without a long-term commitment.
  3. Empowering Self-Sufficiency: One of the strengths of adult single-session therapy (SST) is its ability to empower individuals. By focusing on immediate coping strategies and actionable insights, adults leave the session with practical tools they can apply independently. This emphasis on self-sufficiency can help adults feel more capable of managing future challenges without feeling reliant on ongoing therapy.
  4. Flexibility and Accessibility: SST is highly accessible, especially in the context of teletherapy services offered by Orchard Mental Health. Adults across Maryland can access HIPAA-compliant video sessions without needing to travel, making it easier for those needing timely support to receive care in a convenient, familiar environment.
  5. Cost-Effectiveness: For many individuals, therapy is not always accessible due to cost concerns. Adult single-session therapy (SST) offers a cost-effective alternative, as a single session is less expensive than committing to multiple ongoing appointments. By providing significant therapeutic value in a single encounter, adults can experience the benefits of therapy without the financial burden of long-term treatment.

Who Can Benefit Most from Adult Single-Session Therapy?

Adult single-session therapy is particularly beneficial for those experiencing acute stress or an unexpected challenge. Situations such as the sudden loss of a loved one, a significant relationship issue, or heightened anxiety related to work can be overwhelming. SST offers professional support during these critical moments, helping individuals make sense of their emotions and develop a short-term plan for coping.

Research shows that 75% of people receiving psychotherapy see improvements in their emotional and psychological well-being, with optimal results often seen within 15-20 sessions. However, for those who may not need prolonged therapy, a single session can often suffice to address immediate concerns, providing the clarity and direction needed to navigate challenging situations.

The Role of Orchard Mental Health in Adult Single-Session Therapy

At Orchard Mental Health, we pride ourselves on being a premier mental health practice in Maryland, providing compassionate and personalized care through both our Rockville and Frederick locations. Our approach to single-session therapy is tailored to meet the needs of adults who are seeking timely, solution-oriented support.

With a focus on evidence-based treatment modalities such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), our licensed professionals help individuals identify actionable solutions during their session. Adult single-session therapy (SST) at Orchard is designed not only to offer relief but also to ensure that each client leaves the session feeling heard, understood, and empowered to face their challenges.

For individuals who may need further support beyond SST, we offer comprehensive treatment programs that include individual therapy for depression, anxiety, and trauma, as well as specialized services such as career and life transition support and geriatric counseling.

Real-Life Impact of Adult Single-Session Therapy

Many adults who engage in single-session therapy express a sense of relief after their session, describing it as a powerful and validating experience. The ability to speak to a licensed professional, articulate their concerns, and receive concrete strategies for coping can be transformative. It’s not uncommon for individuals to enter a session feeling overwhelmed and leave with a renewed sense of hope and direction.

Moving Forward with Confidence

Adult single-session therapy is not a one-size-fits-all solution, but it serves a critical role in modern mental health care—particularly for adults who need timely support. By offering SST, Orchard Mental Health aims to provide a compassionate, accessible, and effective resource for those navigating mental health challenges.

If you or someone you know could benefit from adult single-session therapy, Orchard Mental Health is here to help. Our team of licensed professionals is dedicated to offering timely, personalized care to support you during difficult times. Learn more about our adult psychotherapy services, or schedule a free consultation today. You can also contact us at 240-750-6467 for more information.

Citations

  • HelpGuide.org, 2024: “Therapy Statistics.” (HelpGuide Statistics)
  • SingleSessionTherapies.com, 2024: “The Most Frequent Number of Sessions in Psychotherapy is 1.” (Single Session Research)
  • Forbes, 2024: “Generative AI and the Great Promise of Adult Single-Session Therapy for Mental Health.” (Forbes Analysis)
  • APA Monitor, 2024: “Trends and Pathways to Access Mental Health Care.” (APA Research)

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